{"id":9286,"date":"2026-02-23T16:22:15","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T15:22:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/?p=9286"},"modified":"2026-06-27T22:02:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-27T20:02:01","slug":"epbd-2026-and-indoor-air-quality-if-the-air-is-poor-the-building-is-poor","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/epbd-2026-and-indoor-air-quality-if-the-air-is-poor-the-building-is-poor\/","title":{"rendered":"EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality \u2013 If the Air Is Poor, the Building Is Poor"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>EPBD 2026 and indoor air quality are becoming inseparable in the way building quality is assessed in Europe. As of May 2026, the new version of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) requires that buildings be evaluated not solely on energy consumption but on the overall quality of the indoor environment.<\/p>\n<p>This means that building performance must be assessed using multiple interrelated parameters, not just the energy class.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>TAIL \u2013 Four Components of Building Quality Assessment<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Modern approaches to indoor environmental evaluation follow a systemic logic. Due to it, building quality is assessed through four interrelated components:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>T \u2013<\/strong> Thermal comfort<\/li>\n<li><strong>A \u2013<\/strong> Acoustics<\/li>\n<li><strong>I \u2013<\/strong> Indoor air quality<\/li>\n<li><strong>L \u2013<\/strong> Lighting<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Each component receives its own category.<\/p>\n<p>So, in this context, it is important to note how the authors of the TAIL framework describe its role. As <strong>Pawel Wargocki<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/orbit.dtu.dk\/en\/persons\/pawel-wargocki\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">(DTU)<\/a>, one of the system\u2019s authors, states, TAIL represents a promising solution \u2013 simple to implement, scientifically grounded, and validated by a large body of measurements.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Four Categories, but One Final Rating<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The overall indoor environmental category equals the weakest component&#8217;s category.<\/p>\n<p>No averaging, weighting, or\u00a0compensation.<\/p>\n<p>Poor air quality can no longer be \u201coffset\u201d by good interior design, lighting, or low energy consumption. If the air quality is poor, the building quality is poor as well.<\/p>\n<p>SEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/epbd-energy-efficient-buildings-need-healthy-indoor-air\/\">EPBD: Energy-Efficient Buildings Need Healthy Indoor Air<\/a><\/p>\n<h2><strong>EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality: How the Limits Are Defined<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Indoor air quality limits are not arbitrarily determined. They are derived from the existing European and international regulatory framework.<\/p>\n<p>It is important to emphasize that the WHO value of 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 for PM2.5 represents a health-based guideline for outdoor air. The European Union has adopted 10 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 as the regulatory target for the upcoming period. Reference values used in modern rating systems are aligned with the applicable European regulatory framework.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Regulatory Sources of Reference Values<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Modern indoor environmental assessment systems rely on: EN 16798 standard, World Health Organization (WHO) health guidelines, European regulatory reference values for outdoor air and Euratom Directive on radon (2013\/59).<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>SEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/new-eu-air-quality-regulations\/\">New EU Air Quality Regulations<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Indoor environmental assessments use thresholds adapted to real building conditions. Outdoor air infiltration, ventilation systems, filtration efficiency, and indoor pollution sources are all taken into account.<\/p>\n<p>The TAIL methodology does not introduce new health limits for pollutants. It systematizes existing reference values into a unified I-IV category framework, enabling measurable and comparable assessment of building quality.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>The Air Pollution Exposure Paradox<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>For decades, regulatory attention has focused primarily on outdoor air, where pollution limits are generally lower than those for indoor air. At the same time, people spend on average nine times more time indoors.<\/p>\n<p>According to data from the United Nations and the World Health Organization, only 1% of the global population breathes outdoor air that meets the latest health guidelines. This further emphasizes the importance of controlling indoor air quality. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), indoor air can be 2\u20135 times more polluted than outdoor air.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, indoor air exposure accounts for the majority of human exposure throughout the life cycle. Integrating air quality into building performance assessment represents an important regulatory step forward.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Parameters That Determine Indoor Air Quality Rating<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>The indoor air quality rating under EPBD 2026 is not based on a single indicator. It includes multiple measurable parameters. As with the overall building rating, the indoor air quality category is determined by the weakest measured parameter.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>CO<\/strong><strong>\u2082<\/strong><strong> \u2013 Ventilation Indicator<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>CO\u2082 concentration is used as an indicator of ventilation adequacy. EN 16798 defines indoor environment categories based on increases in CO\u2082 concentration above outdoor levels.<br \/>\nThe highest-quality category typically corresponds to approximately +350 ppm above the outdoor concentration, while lower categories allow greater deviations.<br \/>\nIn practice, values above approximately 1,000 ppm often indicate an insufficient supply of fresh air, although specific limits depend on the outdoor concentration and the applied standard.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>SEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/pettenkofers-number-co%e2%82%82-and-indoor-air-quality\/\">Pettenkofer Number \u2013 CO\u2082 and Indoor Air Quality<\/a><br \/>\nSEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/co%e2%82%82-in-your-home-is-it-there-and-where-does-it-actually-come-from\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">CO\u2082 in Your Home \u2013 Is It There and Where Does It Actually Come From<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>PM2.5 \u2013 Fine Particles<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>Fine particles are associated with cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. WHO recommends 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 as the annual outdoor air limit, while the EU sets 10 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 as its regulatory target.<br \/>\nIn indoor environmental rating systems, concentrations below 10 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 are considered high quality, while concentrations above 25 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 are considered the lower limit of acceptability.<br \/>\nAchieving high categories in urban environments depends on effective ventilation and filtration.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>SEE ALSO:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/11-questions-and-answers-how-pm2-5-particles-affect-health\/\" rel=\"bookmark\">11 Questions and Answers: How PM2.5 Particles Affect Health<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3><strong>Formaldehyde and Benzene \u2013 Chemical Risks<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>For chemical pollutants, there is no comfort zone\u2014only varying levels of health risk.<br \/>\nThe WHO specifies 100 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 as a short-term reference value, while concentrations below 30 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 are often considered to be in the high-quality range.<br \/>\nFor benzene, the EU sets 5 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 as the annual outdoor air limit, while values below 2 \u00b5g\/m\u00b3 are considered an ambitious high-quality threshold.<br \/>\nBenzene is carcinogenic with no safe threshold, meaning risk increases with concentration.<\/p>\n<h3><strong>Radon \u2013 Natural Radioactive Gas<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>The Euratom Directive defines 300 Bq\/m\u00b3 as the reference value for indoor spaces, while concentrations below 100 Bq\/m\u00b3 are considered high quality in modern assessment systems.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>What EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality Mean for Design and Renovation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>EPBD 2026 and indoor air quality introduce a new responsibility in building design. Energy efficiency cannot be considered separately from indoor environmental quality.<\/p>\n<p>This has several direct implications:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Ventilation systems must be properly sized, not minimally designed.<\/li>\n<li>Filtration must match real outdoor pollution levels.<\/li>\n<li>Energy renovation must not worsen indoor conditions.<\/li>\n<li>Airtightness must be accompanied by adequate controlled ventilation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Sealing a building without ensuring ventilation can lead to increased concentrations of CO\u2082, VOCs, and moisture. In such cases, risk shifts from the energy domain to the health domain.<\/p>\n<p>Renovation of existing buildings, which make up the majority of Europe\u2019s building stock, requires a particularly careful and integrated approach. Air quality must be part of the design documentation, not a subsequent correction.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Monitoring and Management: Air Quality as a Measurable Obligation<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>EPBD 2026 implies that air quality is not a declarative category but a measurable parameter. This means:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>continuous monitoring of CO\u2082 and other relevant indicators,<\/li>\n<li>analysis of actual concentrations rather than design assumptions,<\/li>\n<li>adjustment of ventilation system operation according to occupancy load.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Reliable building assessment requires measurable indoor air quality data. Continuous monitoring enables system optimization. System optimization is essential for compliance with EPBD 2026 requirements.<\/p>\n<p>In this context, ventilation and filtration are no longer merely technical installations. They become part of the building management\u2019s regulatory responsibility.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Ventilation, Filtration, Air Purification, and Continuous Monitoring<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>Air quality is not static. It varies with outdoor pollution, the number of occupants, emissions from construction and finishing materials, and the operation and adjustment of ventilation systems.<\/p>\n<p>Therefore, air quality assessment cannot be a one-time activity.<\/p>\n<p>Continuous monitoring enables:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>timely response to deviations,<\/li>\n<li>optimization of ventilation system performance,<\/li>\n<li>preservation of energy efficiency without compromising health.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Practice shows that technically well-designed ventilation, adequate filtration, and air purification can significantly reduce indoor concentrations of PM2.5 and other pollutants.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>SEE ALSO: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/mini-case-study-apartment-ventilation-in-belgrade\/\">Mini Case Study \u2013 Apartment Ventilation in Belgrade<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>As thermal comfort, acoustics, lighting, and air quality are now integrated into a single performance rating, building quality must be evaluated as a balanced whole. Consequently, architecture and interior design alone cannot compensate for inadequate ventilation and air treatment systems.<\/p>\n<p>In a system where the weakest component determines the overall rating, air quality becomes the decisive factor.<\/p>\n<p>Categorization thresholds are not arbitrary. They are based on existing standards, health guidelines, and European regulatory frameworks. What is new is that these reference values are now integrated into a rating system that is measurable, comparable, and transparent, such as TAIL.<\/p>\n<p>Such an approach inevitably affects design, renovation, and the long-term value of buildings. As implementation progresses, indoor environmental quality will become an integral part of assessing a building&#8217;s overall qualitative and investment value.<\/p>\n<p>EPBD 2026 and indoor air quality further emphasize the importance of the fields in which Marquis Intelligence has been operating for years &#8211; energy-efficient ventilation and integrated air purification.<\/p>\n<p><strong>If the air is poor, the building quality is poor.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>This is no longer a rhetorical message. It is a technical principle and a regulatory reality.<\/p>\n<h2><strong>Sources<\/strong><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>REHVA Journal (2026). The TAIL Rating Scheme: A promising performance metric and a solution for assessing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) in buildings. Pawel Wargocki, Corinne Mandin. REHVA European HVAC Journal, Volume 63, Issue 1, February 2026.<\/li>\n<li>Directive (EU) 2024\/1275 on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD recast)<\/li>\n<li>EN 16798-1:2019 \u2013 Energy performance of buildings \u2013 Ventilation for buildings<\/li>\n<li>WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines 2021<\/li>\n<li>EU Ambient Air Quality Directive (revised 2024)<\/li>\n<li>Euratom Directive 2013\/59 on radon protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><em>This Marquis Intelligence text is part of the series \u201cAir Quality and Ventilation Standards.\u201d<br \/>\n<\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Document number: MI-NewLegislation-007.26 \u2013 EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality \u2013 If the Air Is Poor, the Building Is Poor.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>EPBD 2026 and indoor air quality are becoming inseparable in the way building quality is assessed in Europe. As of<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":9288,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[236,407,365],"class_list":["post-9286","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-air-quality","tag-air-quality-and-ventilation-standards","tag-epbd"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality \u2013 If the Air Is Poor, the Building Is Poor - Marquis Intelligence<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"EPBD 2026 and indoor air quality: Buildings will be assessed not only by energy consumption but by overall indoor environmental quality.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/epbd-2026-and-indoor-air-quality-if-the-air-is-poor-the-building-is-poor\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"EPBD 2026 and Indoor Air Quality \u2013 If the Air Is Poor, the Building Is Poor - 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