{"id":9473,"date":"2026-05-18T11:30:28","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T09:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/?page_id=9473"},"modified":"2026-08-24T19:00:23","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T17:00:23","slug":"2-4-marquis-intelligence-air-filtration","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/faq\/2-faq-our-solutions\/2-4-marquis-intelligence-air-filtration\/","title":{"rendered":"2.4. Marquis Intelligence Air Filtration"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\" id=\"wpb-content-root\"><p>[vc_row woodmart_stretch_content=&#8221;section-stretch&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774532250420{margin-top: 0px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;}&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;69c53684e9f68&#8243; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2OWM1MzY4NGU5ZjY4Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfcm93IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=&#8221; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_gradient_switch=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_disable_overflow=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_mobile=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1776773953927{padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221; 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class=\"wd-breadcrumbs\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/\">Home<\/a><span class=\"wd-delimiter\">\/<\/span><span class=\"wd-last\">Page<\/span><\/nav>\t\t\t<\/div>   \n\t\t[vc_separator css=\".vc_custom_1776703640643{margin-bottom: 25px !important;}\" wd_hide_on_desktop=\"no\" wd_hide_on_tablet=\"no\" wd_hide_on_mobile=\"no\"][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/div>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row woodmart_stretch_content=&#8221;section-stretch&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774532250420{margin-top: 0px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;}&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;69c53684e9f68&#8243; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2OWM1MzY4NGU5ZjY4Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfcm93IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=&#8221; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_gradient_switch=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_disable_overflow=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_mobile=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774556667663{padding-top: 0px !important;}&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;69c595f28c51d&#8221; parallax_scroll=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_sticky_column=&#8221;false&#8221; wd_collapsible_content_switcher=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_offcanvas_desktop=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_offcanvas_tablet=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_offcanvas_mobile=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_content_desktop=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_content_tablet=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_column_role_content_mobile=&#8221;no&#8221; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2OWM1OTVmMjhjNTFkIiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfY29sdW1uIiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=&#8221; mobile_reset_margin=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_reset_margin=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221;]\t\t<div id=\"wd-6a44223843d54\" class=\"wd-text-block wd-wpb reset-last-child wd-rs-6a44223843d54 text-left \">\n\t\t\t<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"452\"><strong data-start=\"327\" data-end=\"345\">Air filtration<\/strong> is one of the most common and reliable methods for removing particles and certain pollutants from the air.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"454\" data-end=\"615\">Ventilation and air conditioning systems use different types of filters to reduce dust, allergens, microorganisms, and other airborne particles in indoor spaces.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"683\"><strong data-start=\"617\" data-end=\"683\">Advanced air quality systems often use multi-stage filtration.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"685\" data-end=\"799\">This approach combines different filter types to achieve better efficiency against different groups of pollutants.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"801\" data-end=\"891\">In its projects, Marquis Intelligence applies a wide range of air filtration technologies.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"1064\">These include conventional ventilation filters, high-efficiency HEPA filters, molecular filters for gases, electrostatic filters, and other specialized filtration systems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\" data-start=\"1066\" data-end=\"1178\">The final selection depends on the requirements of the space and the type of pollutants that need to be removed.<\/p>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t<div id=\"wd-6a04753a6ceb5\" class=\"wd-accordion wd-wpb wd-rs-6a04753a6ceb5  wd-style-default wd-titles-left wd-opener-pos-left wd-opener-style-arrow\" data-state=\"first\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn wd-active font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"0\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.1. What is air filtration?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content wd-active\" data-accordion-index=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-26\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none &#091;&amp;:has(&#091;data-writing-block&#093;)&gt;*&#093;:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-&#091;calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))&#093; scroll-mt-&#091;calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))&#093;\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-26\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-26\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-108\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 &#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))&#093; @w-sm\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"0cac1daa-39d5-4559-912e-a468f4247599\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"36\" data-end=\"103\">Air filtration removes particles and other pollutants from the air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"160\">It uses a filter material through which the air passes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"162\" data-end=\"235\">As air flows through the filter, the filter captures suspended particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"237\" data-end=\"328\">These particles may include dust, pollen, smoke, microorganisms, and other airborne matter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"330\" data-end=\"418\">In practice, filters use several physical mechanisms to separate particles from the air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"515\">These mechanisms include inertial impaction, interception, diffusion, and electrostatic forces.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"517\" data-end=\"596\">Filtration plays an important role in ventilation and air conditioning systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"598\" data-end=\"629\">It improves indoor air quality.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"701\">At the same time, it protects equipment from contaminant accumulation.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"719\"><strong data-start=\"703\" data-end=\"719\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"721\" data-end=\"770\">Filtration efficiency depends on several factors.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"892\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">These include the type of filter, the size of the particles, the airflow velocity, and proper ventilation system design.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.2. Which standards define filter classes?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-27\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none &#091;&amp;:has(&#091;data-writing-block&#093;)&gt;*&#093;:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-&#091;calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))&#093; scroll-mt-&#091;calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))&#093;\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-27\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-27\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-110\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 &#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))&#093; @w-sm\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"79edc022-ec58-4e88-8fca-fdb82db979de\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"68\">The efficiency of air filters is defined by international standards.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"154\">These standards make it easier to compare the performance of different filter types.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"172\"><strong data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"172\">EN ISO 16890<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"247\">EN ISO 16890 is a modern European standard for air filter classification.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"249\" data-end=\"335\">It defines filter efficiency according to the removal of particles of different sizes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"337\" data-end=\"391\">These particle fractions include PM1, PM2.5, and PM10.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"393\" data-end=\"484\">The standard expresses efficiency as a percentage for each corresponding particle fraction.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"497\"><strong data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"497\">EN 1822<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"499\" data-end=\"561\">EN 1822 defines the classification of high-efficiency filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"605\">This includes EPA, HEPA, and ULPA filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"629\"><strong data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"629\">MERV (ASHRAE 52.2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"631\" data-end=\"679\">MERV is a standard widely used in North America.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"744\">It classifies filters according to particle removal efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"746\" data-end=\"813\">However, the MERV classification also appears frequently in Europe.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"815\" data-end=\"948\">This happens because LEED, the world\u2019s most widely adopted green building standard, uses MERV to define the minimum filtration level.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1049\">For this reason, engineers often use MERV ratings as an additional reference in HVAC system design.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1069\"><strong data-start=\"1051\" data-end=\"1069\">BS EN 779:2012<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1071\" data-end=\"1143\">EN 779:2012 classified filters according to particle removal efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1145\" data-end=\"1216\">However, EN ISO 16890 has replaced this standard in the European Union.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1338\">Although EN 779:2012 is no longer valid in the EU, technical documentation and design practice still often reference it.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1340\" data-end=\"1408\">In addition, the United Kingdom still uses it as <strong data-start=\"1389\" data-end=\"1407\">BS EN 779:2012<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1410\" data-end=\"1525\">In such cases, Marquis Intelligence provides classification according to the current EU standard, <strong data-start=\"1508\" data-end=\"1524\">EN ISO 16890<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1527\" data-end=\"1624\">At the same time, the company also provides the equivalent class according to <strong data-start=\"1605\" data-end=\"1623\">BS EN 779:2012<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1626\" data-end=\"1677\">This makes the classification easier to understand.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1679\" data-end=\"1695\"><strong data-start=\"1679\" data-end=\"1695\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1850\">For Marquis Intelligence, proper knowledge and application of international air filtration standards play an important role in air quality system design.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1852\" data-end=\"1907\">This is especially important in international projects.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1909\" data-end=\"1992\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">It also matters in buildings aiming for sustainability certifications such as LEED.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.3. How to choose the appropriate filter? Is a HEPA filter sufficient?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"2\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"67\">The selection of the appropriate filter depends on several factors.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"231\">These include the type of air pollutants, the required level of air cleanliness, the intended use of the space, and the characteristics of the ventilation system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"233\" data-end=\"273\">In many cases, one filter is not enough.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"335\">Modern ventilation systems often use multi-stage filtration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"337\" data-end=\"403\">In this approach, engineers arrange different filters in sequence.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"405\" data-end=\"469\">Each filter removes a specific group of particles or pollutants.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"471\" data-end=\"552\">For example, coarse and fine filters usually serve as the first filtration stage.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"554\" data-end=\"589\">They capture larger dust particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"591\" data-end=\"671\">At the same time, they protect high-efficiency filters from rapid contamination.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"673\" data-end=\"725\">After that, HEPA filters remove very fine particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"727\" data-end=\"804\">In addition to particle filtration, some systems also need molecular filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"806\" data-end=\"855\">These filters remove gases and unpleasant odours.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"873\"><strong data-start=\"857\" data-end=\"873\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"970\">A properly designed filtration system often includes several types of filters working together.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1050\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Each filter has a specific role in removing different types of air pollutants.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1050\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">See an example of multi-stage filtration in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/mini-case-study-verifying-the-performance-of-a-central-ventilation-system-in-an-apartment\/\">Mini Case Study on verifying the performance of a central ventilation system in an apartment.<\/a><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.4. What filter classes exist?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"3\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-29\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none &#091;&amp;:has(&#091;data-writing-block&#093;)&gt;*&#093;:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-&#091;calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))&#093; scroll-mt-&#091;calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))&#093;\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-29\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-29\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-114\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 &#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))&#093; @w-sm\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"3fcd02b6-5fbe-41f2-b2ea-e1f3395bd9c5\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"74\">Air filters are classified according to their particle removal efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"76\" data-end=\"124\">The classification depends on the standard used.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"126\" data-end=\"224\">According to the former European standard <strong data-start=\"168\" data-end=\"178\">EN 779<\/strong>, filters were divided into three main groups:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"295\">\n<li data-section-id=\"kb11bc\" data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"249\">coarse filters G1\u2013G4,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1wgx0ka\" data-start=\"250\" data-end=\"273\">medium filters M5\u2013M6,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"si0vzg\" data-start=\"274\" data-end=\"295\">fine filters F7\u2013F9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"297\" data-end=\"363\">The United Kingdom still uses this standard as <strong data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"362\">BS EN 779:2012<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"365\" data-end=\"441\">The modern standard <strong data-start=\"385\" data-end=\"401\">EN ISO 16890<\/strong> uses a different classification method.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"443\" data-end=\"536\">It classifies filters according to their efficiency in removing particles of different sizes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"637\">The standard expresses this efficiency as a percentage for PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 particle fractions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"639\" data-end=\"707\">For high-efficiency filters, engineers use the <strong data-start=\"686\" data-end=\"697\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"709\" data-end=\"753\">This standard defines the following classes:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"825\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1gma0er\" data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"777\">EPA filters E11\u2013E12,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1e9j2jj\" data-start=\"778\" data-end=\"801\">HEPA filters H13\u2013H14,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"qyp8cs\" data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"825\">ULPA filters U15\u2013U17.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"897\">Each class serves different applications and air quality requirements.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"915\"><strong data-start=\"899\" data-end=\"915\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"917\" data-end=\"1000\">The selection of the appropriate filter class depends on the facility requirements.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1002\" data-end=\"1088\">It also depends on the type of air pollutants and the target indoor air quality level.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1166\">In addition, engineers must consider local outdoor air pollution conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1168\" data-end=\"1231\">A practical example comes from the London City Airport project.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1233\" data-end=\"1315\">During negotiations, Marquis Intelligence reviewed the proposed filtration stages.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1317\" data-end=\"1492\">Then, the company pointed out to the AHU manufacturer and supplier that the proposed filtration stages did not match the typical particle pollution levels in the airport zone.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1494\" data-end=\"1562\">After review, the AHU manufacturer and supplier accepted the remark.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1564\" data-end=\"1668\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Finally, they adjusted the filtration selection according to the recommendation of Marquis Intelligence.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.5. What are HEPA and EPA filters?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"4\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-32\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none &#091;&amp;:has(&#091;data-writing-block&#093;)&gt;*&#093;:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-&#091;calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))&#093; scroll-mt-&#091;calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))&#093;\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-32\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-32\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-120\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 &#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))&#093; @w-sm\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"1f5ae955-f6ba-4054-93ba-7a2192a47d66\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"103\">EPA and HEPA filters belong to the group of high-efficiency air filters under the <strong data-start=\"82\" data-end=\"93\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"105\" data-end=\"150\">They remove very fine particles from the air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"240\">These particles include fine dust, aerosols, microorganisms, and other suspended matter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"242\" data-end=\"310\">EPA filters represent the first level of high-efficiency filtration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"312\" data-end=\"353\">They include classes <strong data-start=\"333\" data-end=\"340\">E11<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"345\" data-end=\"352\">E12<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"355\" data-end=\"404\">HEPA filters include classes <strong data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"391\">H13<\/strong> and <strong data-start=\"396\" data-end=\"403\">H14<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"484\">These filters use special filtration media with a very fine fibrous structure.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"486\" data-end=\"574\">This structure captures extremely small particles through several filtration mechanisms.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"576\" data-end=\"649\">These mechanisms include interception, diffusion, and inertial impaction.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"651\" data-end=\"728\">HEPA filters are used in spaces that require a high level of air cleanliness.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"730\" data-end=\"863\">These include healthcare facilities, laboratories, pharmaceutical production areas, and certain commercial and residential buildings.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"881\"><strong data-start=\"865\" data-end=\"881\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"883\" data-end=\"994\">According to the <strong data-start=\"900\" data-end=\"911\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard, HEPA filters must remove at least <strong data-start=\"956\" data-end=\"979\">99.95% of particles<\/strong> for class H13.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"996\" data-end=\"1062\">For class H14, they must remove at least <strong data-start=\"1037\" data-end=\"1061\">99.995% of particles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1064\" data-end=\"1126\">This efficiency applies at the most penetrating particle size.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1128\" data-end=\"1272\">However, standard HVAC systems for comfort ventilation in commercial and residential buildings usually do not need such a high filtration level.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1274\" data-end=\"1470\">According to recommendations by Professor Joseph G. Allen from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, <strong data-start=\"1384\" data-end=\"1395\">MERV 13<\/strong> represents a practical and sufficient filtration level for most buildings.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1472\" data-end=\"1551\">This level approximately corresponds to <strong data-start=\"1512\" data-end=\"1518\">F8<\/strong> according to <strong data-start=\"1532\" data-end=\"1550\">BS EN 779:2012<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1553\" data-end=\"1646\">It also corresponds to a high level of filtration under the modern <strong data-start=\"1620\" data-end=\"1636\">EN ISO 16890<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1648\" data-end=\"1739\">Healthy building standards such as the <strong data-start=\"1687\" data-end=\"1713\">WELL Building Standard<\/strong> apply a similar approach.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1741\" data-end=\"1857\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">In most cases, WELL recommends filtration at <strong data-start=\"1786\" data-end=\"1807\">MERV 13 or higher<\/strong>, depending on the level of outdoor air pollution.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"5\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.6. Are there different types of HEPA filters?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"5\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"flex items-center justify-between\">\n<div class=\"flex min-w-0 items-center\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"cb58c5a5-89f0-4465-8143-002b21eb39cb\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"61\">Yes. HEPA filters differ according to their efficiency class.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"63\" data-end=\"110\">The <strong data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"78\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard defines these classes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"112\" data-end=\"152\">The most commonly used HEPA classes are:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"266\">\n<li data-section-id=\"ql0zvq\" data-start=\"154\" data-end=\"209\"><strong data-start=\"156\" data-end=\"163\">H13<\/strong> \u2013 minimum filtration efficiency of <strong data-start=\"199\" data-end=\"209\">99.95%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"18w3fnc\" data-start=\"210\" data-end=\"266\"><strong data-start=\"212\" data-end=\"219\">H14<\/strong> \u2013 minimum filtration efficiency of <strong data-start=\"255\" data-end=\"266\">99.995%<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"338\">In addition to HEPA filters, there are even higher-efficiency filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"340\" data-end=\"418\">These are known as <strong data-start=\"359\" data-end=\"375\">ULPA filters<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"380\" data-end=\"417\">Ultra Low Penetration Air filters<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"420\" data-end=\"463\">ULPA filters include the following classes:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"641\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1pnd3tp\" data-start=\"465\" data-end=\"522\"><strong data-start=\"467\" data-end=\"474\">U15<\/strong> \u2013 minimum filtration efficiency of <strong data-start=\"510\" data-end=\"522\">99.9995%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"7juy3r\" data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"581\"><strong data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"532\">U16<\/strong> \u2013 minimum filtration efficiency of <strong data-start=\"568\" data-end=\"581\">99.99995%<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1k1kh4v\" data-start=\"582\" data-end=\"641\"><strong data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"591\">U17<\/strong> \u2013 minimum filtration efficiency of <strong data-start=\"627\" data-end=\"641\">99.999995%<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"698\">Engineers use ULPA filters in specialized applications.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"770\">These applications require an extremely high level of air cleanliness.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"772\" data-end=\"870\">Typical examples include microelectronics, the pharmaceutical industry, and high-class cleanrooms.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"872\" data-end=\"949\">HEPA filters may also differ in several technical characteristics, including:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"951\" data-end=\"1059\">\n<li data-section-id=\"e3jihk\" data-start=\"951\" data-end=\"971\">filter media type,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"rc24rc\" data-start=\"972\" data-end=\"1000\">filter depth and geometry,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1riffxg\" data-start=\"1001\" data-end=\"1022\">frame construction,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"dphkf3\" data-start=\"1023\" data-end=\"1059\">sealing method within the housing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1061\" data-end=\"1138\">These characteristics can significantly affect actual filtration performance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1140\" data-end=\"1221\">They can also affect the pressure drop in the system and the cost of the filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1239\"><strong data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1239\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1241\" data-end=\"1305\">The <strong data-start=\"1245\" data-end=\"1256\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard defines the efficiency of HEPA filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1307\" data-end=\"1415\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This efficiency refers to particle removal at the so-called <strong data-start=\"1367\" data-end=\"1401\">most penetrating particle size<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"1406\" data-end=\"1414\">MPPS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"6\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.7. What is MPPS \u2013 the most penetrating particle size?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"6\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"118\"><strong data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"8\">MPPS<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"13\" data-end=\"47\">Most Penetrating Particle Size<\/strong>, refers to the particle size that passes through a filter most easily.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"120\" data-end=\"191\">For this reason, it represents the most demanding filtration condition.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"193\" data-end=\"261\">During standard laboratory testing, the filter faces a test aerosol.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"263\" data-end=\"314\">This aerosol contains particles of different sizes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"316\" data-end=\"382\">Then, technicians measure particle penetration through the filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"384\" data-end=\"477\">Based on these measurements, they identify the particle size that passes through most easily.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"479\" data-end=\"553\">For HEPA filters, this size is typically around <strong data-start=\"527\" data-end=\"537\">0.2 \u00b5m<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"542\" data-end=\"552\">200 nm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"571\"><strong data-start=\"555\" data-end=\"571\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"573\" data-end=\"665\">Standards classify filters according to their efficiency in removing particles at this size.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"667\" data-end=\"754\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This makes sense because MPPS represents the most challenging condition for filtration.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"7\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.8. Which particle sizes are filters tested against and according to which standards?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"7\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"94\" data-end=\"150\">Air filters are tested according to different standards.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"152\" data-end=\"218\">The applicable standard depends on the intended use of the filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"220\" data-end=\"287\">For most HVAC filters, engineers use the <strong data-start=\"261\" data-end=\"277\">EN ISO 16890<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"289\" data-end=\"370\">This standard determines filtration efficiency for three particle size fractions:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"506\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1p1nddm\" data-start=\"372\" data-end=\"414\"><strong data-start=\"374\" data-end=\"381\">PM1<\/strong> \u2013 all particles sized <strong data-start=\"404\" data-end=\"414\">0\u20131 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1crqet6\" data-start=\"415\" data-end=\"461\"><strong data-start=\"417\" data-end=\"426\">PM2.5<\/strong> \u2013 all particles sized <strong data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"461\">0\u20132.5 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1qie3wa\" data-start=\"462\" data-end=\"506\"><strong data-start=\"464\" data-end=\"472\">PM10<\/strong> \u2013 all particles sized <strong data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"506\">0\u201310 \u00b5m<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"581\">The result shows the percentage of particle removal within each fraction.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"583\" data-end=\"700\">For high-efficiency filters, such as <strong data-start=\"620\" data-end=\"627\">EPA<\/strong>, <strong data-start=\"629\" data-end=\"637\">HEPA<\/strong>, and <strong data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"651\">ULPA<\/strong> filters, engineers use the <strong data-start=\"679\" data-end=\"690\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"702\" data-end=\"803\">This standard defines filtration efficiency based on <strong data-start=\"755\" data-end=\"763\">MPPS<\/strong>, or <strong data-start=\"768\" data-end=\"802\">Most Penetrating Particle Size<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"805\" data-end=\"821\"><strong data-start=\"805\" data-end=\"821\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"823\" data-end=\"873\">Different testing standards use different methods.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"875\" data-end=\"995\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Therefore, when comparing filter performance, it is important to check which standard defines the filter classification.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"8\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.9. Is it important for a HEPA filter to have certification?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"8\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"69\" data-end=\"113\">Yes. HEPA filter certification is important.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"115\" data-end=\"194\">It confirms that the filter meets the requirements of the <strong data-start=\"173\" data-end=\"184\">EN 1822<\/strong> standard.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"196\" data-end=\"273\">It also confirms that the filter achieves the declared filtration efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"275\" data-end=\"347\">Without certification, a filter cannot be considered a true HEPA filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"349\" data-end=\"384\">During testing, technicians verify:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"536\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1oo46tg\" data-start=\"386\" data-end=\"418\">overall filtration efficiency,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"2cks5a\" data-start=\"419\" data-end=\"473\">local particle penetration through the filter media,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1nnvm05\" data-start=\"474\" data-end=\"536\">potential leakage points through the filter or at its seals.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"610\">For high-efficiency filters, individual testing is especially important.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"612\" data-end=\"709\">Even small irregularities in the filter structure can significantly reduce filtration efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"711\" data-end=\"752\">Poor sealing can also reduce performance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"754\" data-end=\"828\">In addition, real-life performance depends on more than the filter itself.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"830\" data-end=\"888\">Proper installation and sealing also play a critical role.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"906\"><strong data-start=\"890\" data-end=\"906\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"991\">The declared efficiency of a HEPA filter refers to its ability to remove particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"993\" data-end=\"1102\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">However, actual performance in practice also depends on installation quality, sealing, and system validation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"9\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.10. How important are proper installation and sealing of filters? Can I replace a HEPA filter myself?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"9\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"182\">Proper installation and sealing are very important for all air filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"184\" data-end=\"263\">They are especially important for high-efficiency filters such as HEPA filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"265\" data-end=\"350\">These factors have a major impact on the actual performance of the filtration system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"352\" data-end=\"438\">If someone installs a filter incorrectly, part of the air can bypass the filter media.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"523\">The same problem can occur if the filter does not seal properly within the housing.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"582\">In that case, unfiltered air can pass through the system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"584\" data-end=\"651\">For this reason, HEPA filtration systems require special attention.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"653\" data-end=\"704\">Engineers must carefully design the filter housing.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"758\">They must also select high-quality sealing elements.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"760\" data-end=\"825\">Finally, qualified personnel should install the filter correctly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"843\"><strong data-start=\"827\" data-end=\"843\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"845\" data-end=\"918\">Proper installation and sealing are critically important for all filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"920\" data-end=\"963\">This is particularly true for HEPA filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"965\" data-end=\"1103\">In practice, a poorly installed or insufficiently sealed HEPA filter may perform worse than a correctly installed filter of a lower class.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1105\" data-end=\"1242\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Therefore, replacing a HEPA filter should not be treated as a simple do-it-yourself task in systems where filtration performance matters.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"10\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.11. Can HEPA filters remove gases, odours, and VOCs?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"10\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"62\" data-end=\"109\">No. HEPA filters remove particles from the air.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"111\" data-end=\"211\">However, they do not effectively remove gases, odours, or volatile organic compounds, known as VOCs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"213\" data-end=\"234\">The reason is simple.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"236\" data-end=\"330\">Gas and odour molecules are much smaller than the particles captured by mechanical filtration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"332\" data-end=\"409\">Therefore, they can pass through the filter structure without being captured.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"411\" data-end=\"481\">To remove gases and odours, engineers use other technologies, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"605\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1ot87mj\" data-start=\"483\" data-end=\"537\">molecular filters, such as activated carbon filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"14nz867\" data-start=\"538\" data-end=\"562\">chemisorption filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16ucftl\" data-start=\"563\" data-end=\"605\">other specialized air treatment systems.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"607\" data-end=\"708\">However, airborne particles are not perfectly spherical, although people often imagine them that way.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"710\" data-end=\"737\">They have irregular shapes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"739\" data-end=\"792\">They may also have a porous or sponge-like structure.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"794\" data-end=\"891\">Because of this, a small amount of gases, odours, or oxides may adsorb onto the particle surface.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"893\" data-end=\"966\">Then, the filtration process may remove them together with the particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"968\" data-end=\"1012\">However, these quantities remain very small.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1014\" data-end=\"1097\">Therefore, this does not represent an effective method for gas removal in practice.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1115\"><strong data-start=\"1099\" data-end=\"1115\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1184\">The declared efficiency of HEPA filters refers to particle removal.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1186\" data-end=\"1291\">In contrast, the removal of gases and odours requires molecular filters or other adsorption technologies.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1293\" data-end=\"1380\">It may also require non-conventional air treatment methods, such as bipolar ionization.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1382\" data-end=\"1436\">Marquis Intelligence often applies bipolar ionization.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1438\" data-end=\"1549\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This technology can contribute to reducing the concentration of VOCs and odours generated within indoor spaces.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"11\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.12. Does a higher filter class always mean better air filtration?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"75\" data-end=\"99\">In principle, it should.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"101\" data-end=\"151\">However, in practice, this is not always the case.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"153\" data-end=\"224\">Higher-class filters have greater declared particle removal efficiency.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"226\" data-end=\"319\">Still, this does not automatically mean they will provide better air quality in every system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"321\" data-end=\"411\">In real operating conditions, filtration efficiency depends on several factors, including:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"607\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1cu1hl4\" data-start=\"413\" data-end=\"448\">proper ventilation system design,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16lndrt\" data-start=\"449\" data-end=\"487\">airflow velocity through the filter,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"135l30u\" data-start=\"488\" data-end=\"522\">pressure drop across the filter,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"40dy98\" data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"561\">quality of installation and sealing,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"15nitdg\" data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"607\">regular maintenance and filter replacement.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"609\" data-end=\"723\">If a high-efficiency filter creates excessive pressure drop, it may reduce airflow through the ventilation system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"725\" data-end=\"785\">In such cases, indoor air quality can actually become worse.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"851\">This can happen even when the system uses a higher-class filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"853\" data-end=\"980\">For this reason, engineers must always align filter selection with the ventilation system design and real operating conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"998\"><strong data-start=\"982\" data-end=\"998\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1000\" data-end=\"1124\">In practice, engineers can sometimes increase the filtration class by changing the filter type or filter media construction.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1126\" data-end=\"1184\">This does not always increase pressure drop in the system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1186\" data-end=\"1270\">Marquis Intelligence has identified such upgrade opportunities in multiple projects.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1272\" data-end=\"1398\">In these cases, the company upgraded filtration classes within HVAC units without structural modifications or fan replacement.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1400\" data-end=\"1449\">Also, the upgrade did not increase pressure drop.\u00a0In some cases, the pressure drop remained the same or even decreased slightly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1531\" data-end=\"1646\">With additional air treatment using bipolar ionization, the system can further improve particle removal efficiency. However, such results require proper system design.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1791\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">They also require precise positioning of ionization devices within the ventilation system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1701\" data-end=\"1791\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\"><strong data-start=\"611\" data-end=\"637\">Example from practice:<\/strong> In one residential project, Marquis Intelligence used a dedicated filtration chamber with a HEPA H14 filter and a molecular filter. During the design process, the available fan static pressure and the effect of filtration on the overall airflow were checked. After commissioning, the achieved airflow was also measured. More details are available in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.marquis.rs\/en\/blog\/mini-case-study-verifying-the-performance-of-a-central-ventilation-system-in-an-apartment\/\">Mini Case Study on verifying the performance of a central ventilation system in an apartment<\/a>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"12\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.13. How often should filters be replaced in HVAC systems?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"67\" data-end=\"144\">There is no single universal time interval for all filters and all buildings.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"146\" data-end=\"212\">Filter replacement depends on the pressure drop across the filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"214\" data-end=\"323\">More precisely, it depends on the measured pressure drop in relation to the designed allowable pressure drop.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"325\" data-end=\"399\">In other words, replacement frequency depends on several factors, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"594\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1d9gv7d\" data-start=\"401\" data-end=\"425\">filter class and type,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"w6u9c2\" data-start=\"426\" data-end=\"451\">quality of outdoor air,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"g8dgc0\" data-start=\"452\" data-end=\"495\">concentration of pollutants in the space,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11qk2jx\" data-start=\"496\" data-end=\"522\">system operating regime,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"16lndrt\" data-start=\"523\" data-end=\"561\">airflow velocity through the filter,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"2mxy7y\" data-start=\"562\" data-end=\"594\">system maintenance conditions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"596\" data-end=\"704\">In buildings located in areas with increased outdoor pollution, filters may become contaminated much faster.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"706\" data-end=\"778\">These areas include locations near roads, industrial zones, or airports.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"780\" data-end=\"871\">Also, higher-class filters may clog more quickly if the system has no pre-filtration stage.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"873\" data-end=\"948\">In addition, different filter types have different dust-holding capacities.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"950\" data-end=\"1026\">Therefore, filter replacement should not depend only on a calendar schedule.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1028\" data-end=\"1112\">It should also depend on the actual filter condition and the measured pressure drop.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1130\"><strong data-start=\"1114\" data-end=\"1130\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1132\" data-end=\"1216\">In practice, teams most often replace filters during planned preventive maintenance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1218\" data-end=\"1287\">However, proper maintenance does not rely strictly on time intervals.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1289\" data-end=\"1374\">Instead, it considers the actual contamination level and system operating conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1376\" data-end=\"1505\">Marquis Intelligence places special importance on maintaining the equipment it supplies and services under maintenance contracts.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1507\" data-end=\"1592\">When it comes to filter replacement, premature replacement increases operating costs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1594\" data-end=\"1683\">On the other hand, delayed replacement can compromise air quality and system performance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1685\" data-end=\"1861\">At the PROMENADA shopping center in Novi Sad, Marquis Intelligence applied the same filter configuration for exhaust air treatment in McDonald\u2019s, a Chinese restaurant, and KFC.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1863\" data-end=\"1905\">The systems also had identical capacities.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1907\" data-end=\"1947\">However, replacement intervals differed. For:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1992\">McDonald\u2019s, the interval was one month.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1992\">KFC, it was one and a half months.<\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1949\" data-end=\"1992\">The Chinese restaurant, it was two months.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"2082\" data-end=\"2164\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This example shows how operating conditions directly affect maintenance frequency.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"13\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.14. How is filter contamination and pressure drop measured?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"13\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"48\" data-end=\"163\">In HVAC systems, engineers most often assess filter contamination by measuring the pressure drop across the filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"165\" data-end=\"254\">As the filter collects particles during operation, it creates more resistance to airflow.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"256\" data-end=\"351\">The pressure difference between the upstream and downstream sides of the filter then increases.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"353\" data-end=\"410\">This difference is called the differential pressure drop.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"412\" data-end=\"442\">Teams usually measure it with:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"612\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1pc5fqo\" data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"470\">differential manometers,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"e8yom5\" data-start=\"471\" data-end=\"507\">pressure switches, or pressostats,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ss7y9n\" data-start=\"508\" data-end=\"612\">differential pressure sensors connected to automation systems or a BMS, or Building Management System.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"614\" data-end=\"733\">Based on the measured pressure drop, maintenance teams can determine when the filter has reached the replacement point.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"735\" data-end=\"800\">However, increased pressure drop does not affect only the filter.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"802\" data-end=\"854\">The entire ventilation system also feels its impact.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"856\" data-end=\"890\">For example, airflow can decrease.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"892\" data-end=\"932\">At the same time, fan load can increase.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"950\"><strong data-start=\"934\" data-end=\"950\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"952\" data-end=\"1088\">Monitoring the pressure drop across filters is the standard and most reliable method for assessing filter contamination in HVAC systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1090\" data-end=\"1221\">However, many users do not know that standards define the final recommended pressure drop up to which filters should remain in use.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1223\" data-end=\"1275\">For coarse filters, this value is around <strong data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1274\">250 Pa<\/strong>, and for HEPA filters, it can reach up to <strong data-start=\"1314\" data-end=\"1324\">850 Pa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1327\" data-end=\"1418\">Pressure drop also has a direct impact on the energy consumption of the ventilation system.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1420\" data-end=\"1478\">Technical literature often uses a practical rule of thumb.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1480\" data-end=\"1654\">According to this rule, each additional <strong data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1528\">1 Pa<\/strong> of pressure drop can increase annual electricity costs by approximately <strong data-start=\"1601\" data-end=\"1610\">1 EUR<\/strong>, depending on system operation and airflow.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1656\" data-end=\"1730\">By comparison, bipolar ionization systems create a very low pressure drop.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1732\" data-end=\"1772\">This value is typically around <strong data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1771\">6 Pa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1774\" data-end=\"1929\">In systems with mechanical filters, Marquis Intelligence always includes differential pressure monitoring as part of technical supervision and maintenance.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1931\" data-end=\"2007\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This approach enables timely filter replacement and stable system operation.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"14\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.15. Are the same filters used in HVAC systems and in compressed air treatment?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"14\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"88\" data-end=\"170\">No. HVAC systems and compressed air treatment systems do not use the same filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"172\" data-end=\"270\">Although both systems remove particles from the air, they operate under very different conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"272\" data-end=\"346\">Therefore, the filters differ in design, operating principle, and purpose.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"348\" data-end=\"400\">In HVAC systems, filters improve indoor air quality.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"402\" data-end=\"442\">They also protect ventilation equipment.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"444\" data-end=\"493\">The most commonly used HVAC filter types include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"595\">\n<li data-section-id=\"4ayfdt\" data-start=\"495\" data-end=\"511\">panel filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1thvi37\" data-start=\"512\" data-end=\"526\">bag filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ob6atv\" data-start=\"527\" data-end=\"542\">fine filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"120ewaz\" data-start=\"543\" data-end=\"558\">HEPA filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"11bkhw7\" data-start=\"559\" data-end=\"595\">molecular filters for gas removal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"597\" data-end=\"656\">In compressed air systems, filtration has a different role.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"658\" data-end=\"679\">These systems remove:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"756\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1g555q\" data-start=\"681\" data-end=\"699\">solid particles,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1es8ras\" data-start=\"700\" data-end=\"715\">oil aerosols,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1mm512v\" data-start=\"716\" data-end=\"741\">oil and water droplets,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iiydlc\" data-start=\"742\" data-end=\"756\">oil vapours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"758\" data-end=\"831\">For this reason, compressed air systems use specialized filters, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"906\">\n<li data-section-id=\"a3kdqb\" data-start=\"833\" data-end=\"854\">coalescing filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1lcskpo\" data-start=\"855\" data-end=\"884\">oil vapour removal filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1pk0j0y\" data-start=\"885\" data-end=\"906\">adsorption filters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"908\" data-end=\"967\">These filters operate under significantly higher pressures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"969\" data-end=\"1028\">They also work in conditions typical for pneumatic systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1046\"><strong data-start=\"1030\" data-end=\"1046\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1048\" data-end=\"1108\">Both HVAC systems and compressed air systems use filtration.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1110\" data-end=\"1199\">However, filter selection, testing standards, and design principles differ significantly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1201\" data-end=\"1298\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">This difference comes from different operating conditions and different air quality requirements.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"15\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.16. Do filters used in HVAC and IAQ systems differ from filters used for flue gas treatment?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"15\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<div class=\"qMYqUG_convSearchResultHighlightRoot\">\n<div class=\"\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-50\" data-is-intersecting=\"true\">\n<section class=\"text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none has-data-writing-block:pointer-events-none &#091;&amp;:has(&#091;data-writing-block&#093;)&gt;*&#093;:pointer-events-auto R6Vx5W_threadScrollVars scroll-mb-&#091;calc(var(--scroll-root-safe-area-inset-bottom,0px)+var(--thread-response-height))&#093; scroll-mt-&#091;calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))&#093;\" dir=\"auto\" data-turn-id=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-50\" data-turn-id-container=\"request-6a434feb-cd40-83eb-b4ae-f907743aefec-50\" data-testid=\"conversation-turn-156\" data-turn=\"assistant\">\n<div class=\"text-base my-auto mx-auto pb-10 &#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-xs,calc(var(--spacing)*4))&#093; @w-sm\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-sm,calc(var(--spacing)*6))&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-margin:var(--thread-content-margin-lg,calc(var(--spacing)*16))&#093; px-(--thread-content-margin)\">\n<div class=\"&#091;--thread-content-max-width:40rem&#093; @w-lg\/main:&#091;--thread-content-max-width:48rem&#093; mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group\/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn\" data-conversation-screenshot-content=\"\">\n<div class=\"flex max-w-full flex-col gap-4 grow\">\n<div class=\"min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal outline-none keyboard-focused:focus-ring &#091;.text-message+&amp;&#093;:mt-1\" dir=\"auto\" tabindex=\"0\" data-message-author-role=\"assistant\" data-message-id=\"e0cbad72-b57d-4b43-ac9d-f33c7206bbdc\" data-message-model-slug=\"gpt-5-5-thinking\" data-turn-start-message=\"true\">\n<div class=\"flex w-full flex-col gap-1 empty:hidden\">\n<div class=\"markdown prose dark:prose-invert wrap-break-word w-full light markdown-new-styling\">\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"102\" data-end=\"217\">Yes. Filters used in HVAC and IAQ systems differ significantly from filters used for industrial flue gas treatment.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"219\" data-end=\"266\">In HVAC and IAQ systems, filters mainly remove:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"355\">\n<li data-section-id=\"irpub9\" data-start=\"268\" data-end=\"285\">dust particles,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"vejyb4\" data-start=\"286\" data-end=\"295\">pollen,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1tti5zy\" data-start=\"296\" data-end=\"307\">aerosols,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"u3ct7z\" data-start=\"308\" data-end=\"325\">microorganisms,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"lg7g8f\" data-start=\"326\" data-end=\"355\">certain gaseous pollutants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"357\" data-end=\"406\">The most common filters in these systems include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"492\">\n<li data-section-id=\"4ayfdt\" data-start=\"408\" data-end=\"424\">panel filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1thvi37\" data-start=\"425\" data-end=\"439\">bag filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"ob6atv\" data-start=\"440\" data-end=\"455\">fine filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"120ewaz\" data-start=\"456\" data-end=\"471\">HEPA filters,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1fmr48n\" data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"492\">molecular filters.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"494\" data-end=\"575\">However, flue gas treatment systems operate under much more demanding conditions.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"577\" data-end=\"641\">Industrial gases often contain high concentrations of particles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"643\" data-end=\"696\">They may also contain aggressive chemical components.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"698\" data-end=\"755\">In addition, they often operate at elevated temperatures.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"757\" data-end=\"847\">For this reason, industrial flue gas treatment uses different types of equipment, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"1007\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1lh8v2e\" data-start=\"849\" data-end=\"860\">cyclones,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"nyvult\" data-start=\"861\" data-end=\"877\">wet scrubbers,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"98rb4x\" data-start=\"878\" data-end=\"908\">electrostatic precipitators,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1tkc21h\" data-start=\"909\" data-end=\"943\">baghouse filters for flue gases,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"vd12rc\" data-start=\"944\" data-end=\"1007\">hybrid filters that combine electrostatic and bag filtration.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1009\" data-end=\"1050\">These systems serve industrial processes.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1052\" data-end=\"1165\">They operate under completely different conditions compared to building ventilation and air conditioning systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1167\" data-end=\"1253\">Flue gases contain much higher concentrations of particles and combustion by-products.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1255\" data-end=\"1341\">Their temperatures are also often many times higher than temperatures in HVAC systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1343\" data-end=\"1396\">As a result, industrial filters are much more robust.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1437\">They are also technically more complex.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1455\"><strong data-start=\"1439\" data-end=\"1455\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1457\" data-end=\"1518\">All these systems aim to remove pollutants from air or gases.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1634\">However, temperature, particle concentration, chemical composition, and operating conditions differ significantly.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1636\" data-end=\"1755\">Therefore, filters used in HVAC, IAQ, and industrial filtration systems differ in both design and operating principles.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1757\" data-end=\"1842\">Marquis Intelligence delivered an industrial electrostatic filter on a turnkey basis.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1844\" data-end=\"1928\">The project was carried out in partnership with ESC Umwelttechnik GmbH from Germany.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1930\" data-end=\"1965\">The filter weighed nearly 100 tons.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1967\" data-end=\"2067\">For the US Steel plant in Smederevo, bag filters for flue gas treatment were supplied and installed.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2069\" data-end=\"2142\">The filter bags were designed to operate at temperatures up to <strong data-start=\"2132\" data-end=\"2141\">450\u00b0C<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2144\" data-end=\"2230\">These two examples clearly show the difference in scale and technical characteristics.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2232\" data-end=\"2320\">They also show how industrial flue gas filters differ from filters used in HVAC systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2322\" data-end=\"2379\">Today, cyclones and scrubbers often serve as pre-filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2381\" data-end=\"2454\">They cannot always achieve strictly defined emission limits on their own.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2456\" data-end=\"2532\">However, scrubbers are still widely used in facilities that use solid fuels.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2534\" data-end=\"2579\">These fuels include fossil fuels and biomass.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"2581\" data-end=\"2677\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Scrubbers remain important because they effectively remove particles and combustion by-products.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"16\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.17. How does filtration work in compressed air systems?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"16\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"93\">Filtration in compressed air systems has a different purpose from filtration in HVAC systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"95\" data-end=\"141\">The goal is not to improve indoor air quality.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"143\" data-end=\"262\">Instead, compressed air filtration protects pneumatic equipment, production processes, and products from contamination.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"264\" data-end=\"342\">Compressed air leaving a compressor may contain different impurities, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"498\">\n<li data-section-id=\"i0gx92\" data-start=\"344\" data-end=\"387\">solid particles, including dust and rust,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"e20swm\" data-start=\"388\" data-end=\"405\">water droplets,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1es8ras\" data-start=\"406\" data-end=\"421\">oil aerosols,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"iiydle\" data-start=\"422\" data-end=\"436\">oil vapours,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"drrjyg\" data-start=\"437\" data-end=\"498\">microorganisms and particles generated by system corrosion.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"500\" data-end=\"564\">For this reason, compressed air systems use specialized filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"566\" data-end=\"632\">These filters operate under high pressure and high gas velocities.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"634\" data-end=\"678\">The most commonly used filter types include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"919\">\n<li data-section-id=\"14yk2o8\" data-start=\"680\" data-end=\"763\">coalescing filters, which remove fine oil and water droplets from compressed air,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"f8i39x\" data-start=\"764\" data-end=\"838\">particulate filters, which capture dust and other mechanical impurities,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"aiygh0\" data-start=\"839\" data-end=\"919\">adsorption filters with activated carbon, which remove oil vapours and odours.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"921\" data-end=\"988\">Engineers often arrange these filters in several filtration stages.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"990\" data-end=\"1083\">This helps achieve the required compressed air quality for a specific industrial application.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1101\"><strong data-start=\"1085\" data-end=\"1101\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1103\" data-end=\"1226\">Unlike HVAC filtration, compressed air filtration does not usually define air quality by particle concentration in a space.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1228\" data-end=\"1308\">Instead, the international standard <strong data-start=\"1264\" data-end=\"1276\">ISO 8573<\/strong> defines compressed air quality.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1310\" data-end=\"1355\">This standard classifies allowable levels of:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1385\">\n<li data-section-id=\"aqljoj\" data-start=\"1357\" data-end=\"1369\">particles,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1ojadox\" data-start=\"1370\" data-end=\"1378\">water,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1j3bax8\" data-start=\"1379\" data-end=\"1385\">oil.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"1387\" data-end=\"1507\">Due to different industrial requirements, engineers must carefully select and arrange filters in compressed air systems.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1509\" data-end=\"1554\">This ensures the desired level of air purity.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1556\" data-end=\"1656\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">Marquis Intelligence has supplied such filtration systems to several clients, including \u0160abac Dairy.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"17\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.18. What are combined or hybrid filters in HVAC systems?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"17\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n<p class=\"PDq2pG_selectionAnchorContainer\" data-start=\"0\" data-end=\"68\">In HVAC systems, engineers sometimes use combined or hybrid filters.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"70\" data-end=\"172\">These filters combine mechanical particle filtration with gas or odour removal in one filtration unit.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"174\" data-end=\"209\">They usually perform two functions:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"359\">\n<li data-section-id=\"1l8pz21\" data-start=\"211\" data-end=\"284\">mechanical filtration of particles, such as dust, pollen, and aerosols,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"f9i2v3\" data-start=\"285\" data-end=\"359\">adsorption of gases and odours using materials such as activated carbon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"361\" data-end=\"434\">From a construction standpoint, these filters can have different designs.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"436\" data-end=\"470\">In practice, common types include:<\/p>\n<ul data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"652\">\n<li data-section-id=\"d4ku9o\" data-start=\"472\" data-end=\"524\">media filters with an activated carbon layer,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1jqsklt\" data-start=\"525\" data-end=\"577\">filters with granular or impregnated carbon media,<\/li>\n<li data-section-id=\"1saaol8\" data-start=\"578\" data-end=\"652\">multi-layer filters that combine fibrous media and adsorption materials.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-start=\"654\" data-end=\"767\">These solutions allow one filtration section to remove particles and certain gaseous pollutants at the same time.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"785\"><strong data-start=\"769\" data-end=\"785\">CONFIRMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p data-start=\"787\" data-end=\"849\">Combined filters can help reduce gas and odour concentrations.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"851\" data-end=\"982\">However, their adsorption capacity remains limited compared to specialized molecular filters designed specifically for gas removal.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"984\" data-end=\"1115\">For this reason, buildings with higher levels of gaseous pollutants or odours often require separate molecular filtration sections.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1117\" data-end=\"1172\">They may also require other air treatment technologies.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1174\" data-end=\"1294\">When designing air quality systems, Marquis Intelligence selects the filtration type according to the type of pollution.<\/p>\n<p data-start=\"1296\" data-end=\"1413\" data-is-last-node=\"\" data-is-only-node=\"\">The company also considers the facility\u2019s operating conditions and the available space within the ventilation system.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title wd-role-btn font-primary wd-fontsize-l wd-font-weight-600\" data-accordion-index=\"18\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-title-text\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t2.4.19. Can air filtration remove all pollutants from the air?\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wd-accordion-opener\"><\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wd-accordion-content wd-entry-content\" data-accordion-index=\"18\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>No. Although filtration is one of the most important and reliable methods for removing particles from the air, it cannot remove all types of pollutants.<br \/>\nMechanical filters, including fine and HEPA filters, are highly effective in removing:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>dust<\/li>\n<li>pollen<\/li>\n<li>aerosols<\/li>\n<li>microorganisms<\/li>\n<li>other suspended particles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>However, many air pollutants exist in a <strong>gaseous form<\/strong> and cannot be effectively removed by mechanical filtration. This group includes, for example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>volatile organic compounds (VOCs)<\/li>\n<li>odours<\/li>\n<li>certain nitrogen and sulfur oxides<\/li>\n<li>other gaseous pollutants<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For this reason, systems for improving air quality often combine different air treatment technologies, such as:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>molecular filters (activated carbon or chemisorption filters)<\/li>\n<li>electrostatic filters<\/li>\n<li>UV disinfection systems<\/li>\n<li>bipolar ionization<\/li>\n<li>other specialized air treatment technologies<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>CONFIRMATION<\/strong><br \/>\nModern indoor air quality control systems often use a combination of different technologies, as no single method can effectively remove all types of pollutants.<br \/>\nIn designing such systems, Marquis Intelligence applies an approach that combines particle filtration, removal of gaseous pollutants, and additional air treatment technologies to achieve stable and long-term sustainable indoor air quality.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t[\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row woodmart_stretch_content=&#8221;section-stretch&#8221; css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1774532250420{margin-top: 0px !important;background-color: #FFFFFF !important;}&#8221; woodmart_css_id=&#8221;69c53684e9f68&#8243; responsive_spacing=&#8221;eyJwYXJhbV90eXBlIjoid29vZG1hcnRfcmVzcG9uc2l2ZV9zcGFjaW5nIiwic2VsZWN0b3JfaWQiOiI2OWM1MzY4NGU5ZjY4Iiwic2hvcnRjb2RlIjoidmNfcm93IiwiZGF0YSI6eyJ0YWJsZXQiOnt9LCJtb2JpbGUiOnt9fX0=&#8221; mobile_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; tablet_bg_img_hidden=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_parallax=&#8221;0&#8243; woodmart_gradient_switch=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_box_shadow=&#8221;no&#8221; wd_z_index=&#8221;no&#8221; woodmart_disable_overflow=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_mobile=&#8221;0&#8243; row_reverse_tablet=&#8221;0&#8243;][vc_column css=&#8221;.vc_custom_1776773953927{padding-top: 0px<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":8262,"parent":9440,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9473","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>2.4. 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